[48] Omnes male consuetudines de forestis et warennis et de forestariis et warennariis, vicecomitibus, et eorum ministris, ripariis et earum custodibus, statim inquirantur in quolibet comitatu per duodecim milites iuratos de eodem comitatu qui debent eligi per probos homines eiusdem comitatus, et infra quadraginta dies post inquisitionem factam, penitus, ita quod numquam revocentur, deleantur per eosdem, ita quod nos hoc sciamus prius, vel justiciarius noster, si in Anglia non fuerimus. (33) All fish-weirs shall be removed from the Thames, the Medway, and throughout the whole of England, except on the sea coast. (19) If any assizes cannot be taken on the day of the county court, as many knights and freeholders shall afterwards remain behind, of those who have attended the court, as will suffice for the administration of justice, having regard to the volume of business to be done. with firm endurance (for ever.

[32] Nos non tenebimus terras illorum qui convicti fuerint de felonia nisi per unum annum et unum diem, et tunc reddantur terre dominis feodorum. This freedom we shall observe ourselves, and desire to be observed in good faith by our heirs in perpetuity. In the charter itself the clauses are not numbered, and the text reads continuously. But on our return from the Crusade, or if we abandon it, we will at once do full justice according to the laws of Wales and the said regions. Cum autem redierimus de peregrinacione nostra vel si forte remanserimus a peregrinacione nostra statim inde pleman iusticiam exhibebimus.

Nothing shall be removed until the whole debt is paid, when the residue shall be given over to the executors to carry out the dead man’s will. When the heir comes of age, he shall restore the whole land to him, stocked with plough teams and such implements of husbandry as the season demands and the revenues from the land can reasonably bear. (56) If we have deprived or dispossessed any Welshmen of lands, liberties, or anything else in England or in Wales, without the lawful judgement of their equals, these are at once to be returned to them. (4) The guardian of the land of an heir who is under age shall take from it only reasonable revenues, customary dues, and feudal services. [63] Quare volumus et firmiter precipimus quod Anglicana ecclesia libera sit et quod homines in regno nostro habeant et teneant omnes prefatas libertates iura et concessiones, bene et in pace, libere et quiete plene et integre sibi et heredibus suis de nobis et heredibus nostris in omnibus rebus et locis in perpetuum sicut predictum est.

* (58) We will at once return the son of Llywelyn, all Welsh hostages, and the charters delivered to us as security for the peace. [39] Nullus liber homo capiatur vel imprisonetur aut disseisiatur aut utlagetur aut exuletur aut aliquo modo destruatur, nec super eum ibimus nec super eum mittemus nisi per legale iudicium parium suorum vel per legem terre. Ita tamen quod nichil inde amoveatur donec persolvatur nobis debitum quod clarum fuerit et residuum relinquatur executoribus ad faciendum testamentum defuncti. Having secured the redress, they may then resume their normal obedience to us. *(48) All evil customs relating to forests and warrens, foresters, warreners, sheriffs and their servants, or river-banks and their wardens, are at once to be investigated in every county by twelve sworn knights of the county, and within forty days of their enquiry the evil customs are to be abolished completely and irrevocably. Clauses marked (*) were omitted in all later reissues of the charter. If such a debt falls into the hands of the Crown, it will take nothing except the principal sum specified in the bond.

In omnibus autem que istis viginti quinque committuntur exsequenda, si forte ipsi viginti quinque presentes fuerint, et inter se super re aliqua discordaverint, vel aliqui ex eis summoniti nolint vel n{e}quant interesse, ratum habeatur et firmum quod maior pars eorum qui presentes fuerint providerit vel preceperit ac si omnes viginti quinque in hoc consensissent; et predicti viginti quinque iurent quod omnia antedicta fideliter observabunt, et pro toto posse suo facient observari. Windsor and Staines, on the fifteenth day of June, in the seventeenth year of our reign. or else the matter settled by the decision of an majority of the five-and-twenty v3.0, except where otherwise stated, Friends of The National fullness and integrity, for themselves and their heirs, from us and * (14) To obtain the general consent of the realm for the assessment of an ‘aid’ – except in the three cases specified above – or a ‘scutage’, we will cause the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, and greater barons to be summoned individually by letter. * (12) No 'scutage' or 'aid' may be levied in our kingdom without its general consent, unless it is for the ransom of our person, to make our eldest son a knight, and (once) to marry our eldest daughter. (46) All barons who have founded abbeys, and have charters of English kings or ancient tenure as evidence of this, may have guardianship of them when there is no abbot, as is their due. What does it say, and why has it become one of the most celebrated documents in history? To those who hold lands directly of us we will cause a general summons to be issued, through the sheriffs and other officials, to come together on a fixed day (of which at least forty days notice shall be given) and at a fixed place. The original manuscripts are written continuously without section breaks; here the generally accepted numbering of the clauses has been followed.

[20] Liber homo non amercietur pro parvo delicto nisi secundum modum delicti; et pro magno delicto amercietur secundum magnitudinem delicti salvo contenemento suo; et mercator eodem modo salva mercandisa sua; et villanus eodem modo amercietur salvo waynagio suo si inciderint in misericordiam nostram; et nulla predictarum misericordiarum ponatur nisi per sacramentum proborum hominum de visneto. Permission to reproduce a copy of this translation by electronic means granted to magnacartaplus.org on permanent licence When a summons has been issued, the business appointed for the day shall go forward in accordance with the resolution of those present, even if not all those who were summoned have appeared. [13] Et civitas Londoniarum habeat omnes antiquas libertates et liberas consuetudines suas, tam per terras quam per aquas.

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