There are many HLA-A alleles, so that classification by serotype simplifies categorization. [5] The effect of HLA-A variation on HIV/AIDS progression is discussed below. Any virus with a mutation that creates a peptide with high affinity for a particular HLA is quickly killed by the immune system, and thus does not survive and that high affinity peptide is no longer produced. Each of these has multiple HLA genes, of which HLA-A is but one. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes represent the most diverse loci in the human genome with over 14,000 alleles identified as of December 2015 1.The high allelic diversity in the HLA genes reflects HLA protein function in binding and presenting a diverse array … The information is filed in different subsections. With over 2000 variations of the HLA-A coded MHC, it is difficult to determine the impact of all variants upon HIV loads. Variation of HLA-A α-chain is key to HLA function.
This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.
,This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.
,This subsection of the 'Interaction' section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the 'Function' section).
,This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.
,This subsection of the 'Structure' section is used to indicate the positions of experimentally determined beta strands within the protein sequence.
,Manually validated information inferred from a combination of experimental and computational evidence.
Thus the infection can proliferate largely unchecked. have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen One of the most effective HIV-inhibiting haplotypes was HLA-A*30-C*03 while one of the least effective was HLA-A*23*B*14. The IPD team are currently working on a new version of the alignment tool based on some of the recent developments utilised in the IPD-MHC and IPD-NHKIR projects. The transmembrane region is the region that is embedded in the phospholipid bilayer surrounding the ER lumen. HLA-A*02 (A*02) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within the HLA-A serotype group. Class I molecules play a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen so that they can be recognized by cytotoxic T …The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) This changes the peptides produced via proteolysis, which changes the peptides able to be presented to the immune system by the infected cell's MHCs. Protein sets from fully sequenced genomes. [15] At this point the class I complex consists of an HLA-A protein bonded to a β2-microglobulin and a short peptide. [15] Research suggests that tapasin may actively load peptides from TAP into the HLA-A complex while also holding class I molecules in the ER lumen until a high affinity peptide has been bound. This complex of MHC and Nef then causes adaptor protein 1 (AP-1) to direct the MHC to the lysosomes for degradation instead of to the cell membrane where it normally functions. Typing of class I HLA molecules includes DNA sequencing of exons 2 & 3 that encode the alpha-1 and alpha-2 protein domains, the most variable and functionally relevant portion of the class I HLA protein. At this point TAP releases the peptide it transported into the ER lumen.
HLA-A belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. These polypeptides are typically 7-11 amino acids in length and originate from proteins being expressed by the cell. Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993))
,In eukaryotic reference proteomes, unreviewed entries that are likely to belong to the same gene are computationally mapped, based on gene identifiers from Ensembl, EnsemblGenomes and model organism databases.
,This subsection of the 'Sequence' section reports difference(s) between the protein sequence shown in the UniProtKB entry and other available protein sequences derived from the same gene.
,This subsection of the 'Sequence' section reports difference(s) between the canonical sequence (displayed by default in the entry) and the different sequence submissions merged in the entry. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. Exon 2 encoding the HLA-DQ alpha chain and HLA-DP alpha chain are also typed. The HLA-A gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 6 and encodes the larger, α-chain, constituent of HLA-A. Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. [10] If the two tissues have the same genes coding for these three HLAs, the likelihood and severity of rejection is minimized.
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