Bone marrow is a specialized connective tissue composed of developing blood cells within a supportive stroma of reticular tissue. This is the term used for blood cell production that occurs outside of the bone marrow.

It occurs in more than one anatomical site of mammalian system, and based on the site, it is classified as fetal (primitive) and adult (definitive). Extramedullary Hematopoiesis . It is found between the trabeculae of the spongy portions of bones. Hematopoiesis: The production of all types of blood cells including formation, development, and differentiation of blood cells. In the embryo and fetus it takes place in a variety of sites including the liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow; from birth throughout the rest of life it is mainly in the bone marrow with a small amount occurring in lymph nodes. It can be seen in chronic anemia, with the production of blood cells in the liver, spleen and sometimes in the lymph nodes.

Hematopoiesis is the process by which the body produces blood cells and blood plasma. In a healthy adult person, approximately 1011–1012 new blood cells are produced daily in order to maintain steady state levels in the peripheral circulation. Hematopoiesis in the fetus occurs in multiple organs besides the bone marrow, including the thymic anlage, primordial lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidney, and adrenals (Valli, 2007).

All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells. It occurs in the bone marrow, spleen, liver, and other organs. Bone Marrow.

In other scenarios, there may be malignant hematopoietic cells located in areas outside of the bone marrow. As the organism develops past the embryonic stage, hematopoiesis requires the use of multipotential hematopoietic stem cells and is termed definitive hematopoiesis.

Prenatally, hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sack, then in the liver, and lastly in the bone marrow.In the normal situation, hematopoiesis in adults occurs in the bone marrow and lymphatic tissues. In adults, hematopoiesis occurs in bone marrow and generates hundreds of millions of new blood cells every day. Fetal hematopoiesis occurs first in yolk sac of the embryo from where it migrates to the fetal liver (FL) and finally to BM for the initiation of definitive hematopoiesis. At birth hematopoiesis is restricted primarily to the marrow, although occasional areas of extramedullary hematopoiesis may be found in the spleen or liver. Although the process of hematopoiesis is initiated in the bone marrow, further maturation occurs in other lymphoid organs, including the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.

hematopoiesis [he″mah-to-poi-e´sis] the formation and development of blood cells. Haematopoiesis is the formation of blood cellular components.


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