which done, man lives happily, for which end he was born.” L. c. 4. And in the proof at various points evidence is adduced as indisputably correct from Roman as well as Jew, from Virgil and Ovid, Lucan and Livy, Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Yet in some of its principles, in the necessary disinterestedness of the supreme ruler in political matters, in the mutual independence of Church and State, in its strong advocacy of peace, it has rightly been compared to the United States under its President, and to the Netherlands under a supreme Stadtholder.


109: “And already, through the brightness before the light, which arises the more grateful to pilgrims, as on their return they lodge less far away.”, More, Utopia: “The king . Breathes he the vital air?”21 His second wife was Dido, queen and mother of the Carthaginians in Africa, of whom as Aeneas’ wife the poet sings in the fourth book: “Nor longer Dido dreams of secret love; she calls it marriage, hiding her sin beneath a name.”22 His third wife was Lavinia, mother alike of Albanians and Romans, daughter and also heir of King Latinus, if the testimony of our Poet be true in the last book, where he introduces Turnus conquered, supplicating Aeneas with this prayer: “Thou hast triumphed; and the Ausonians have beheld me vanquished lifting up my hands.

1. 2: “Each effect contains something of the nature of its cause.” L. c. 3.
That is, Justice is most powerful in the world when present in the most powerful and willing subject. 2.

Neither did this power come by divine law; for in the bosom of the two Testaments, wherein is embodied every divine law, I am unable to discover any command for the early or later priesthood to have care or solicitude in temporal things.

(5) The discussion of nobility2 differs from that of the Convito,3 while the view in Edition: current; Page: [xxxix] the Convito accords with that expressed in the Paradiso.1 (6) Were it not true that Dante’s work was written before or very early in the fourteenth century, his assertion would be false that the subject of Monarchy had been treated by no one hitherto. 0000006080 00000 n La Monarchia è l'unica opera in prosa e di argomento teorico ad essere stata completata da Dante e in essa l'autore raccoglie la summa del suo pensiero politico, con numerosi punti di contatto con la Commedia e in particolare con Purgatorio e Paradiso. But I mean by form the essence or very nature of a thing.” L. c. 6. There this venerable authority asserts that when several things are ordained for one end, one of them must regulate or rule, and the others submit to regulation or rule.1 This, indeed, not only because of the author’s glorious name, but because of inductive reasoning, demands credence.2.

If these things are true, there is no doubt but that nature set apart in the world a place and a people for universal sovereignty;11 otherwise she would be deficient in herself, which is impossible.12 What was this place, and who this people, moreover, is sufficiently obvious in what has been said above, and in what shall be added further on. 3: “The proper form of man is his rational soul.”. Since his jurisdiction is bounded only by the ocean,14 Edition: current; Page: [37] there is nothing for a Monarch to desire. 46: “It was not our intention . Seeing that they have used the Imperial ensign and influence in contests where there was no question of Empire, he writes, “Let the Ghibellines work, let them work under another ensign, for he ever follows that amiss, who separates Justice and it.”1. Witte, K., Dantis Alighieri De Monarchia libri tres, codicum manuscriptorum ope emendati. I say, therefore, that no faculty shared by many things diverse in species is the differentiating characteristic of any one of them. . Therefore it is established that every good thing is good because it subsists in unity. This government common to all not only may proceed from one; it must do so, that all confusion be removed from principles of universal import. (1), On the Web And so he who holds the office is called emperor, because he is a law to all and must be obeyed by all, and all others take their force and authority from him. 10-18. Dante uses a singular verb with two coördinate subjects, thus, “Deus et natura facit.” So infra, 1. 4: “But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law.” Cf.

Wherefore let it be understood that it is one thing to be a vicar, and another to be a messenger or minister; as it is one thing to Edition: current; Page: [160] be a doctor, and another to be an interpreter.3 Now a vicar is one to whom has been assigned jurisdiction according to law or to his arbitrary judgment; and so within the boundaries of the jurisdiction assigned to him he may determine legally or arbitrarily matters of which his lord has no knowledge.4 But an envoy, in so far as he is an envoy, cannot do so, for as the hammer operates only through the strength of the smith, so the envoy acts only through the will of the person who delegates him.5 Nor does it follow, though God did this when Samuel was His envoy, that the Vicar of God can do it. 6. In whomever, therefore, right love can be present to the highest degree, in him can Justice find the most effective place.

The Roman people were by nature ordained for Empire, as may be proved in this wise.4 Just as he would fail of perfection in his art who, intent upon the form alone, had no care for the means by which to attain to form; so would nature if, intent upon the single universal form of the Divine similitude,5 she were to neglect the means thereto. 133: “As is the geometer who applies himself wholly in order to measure the circle, and finds not by thinking that principle whereof he is in want, such was I.”. 164-166; Toynbee, Studies, pp. No line in the De Mon.

Cambridge, 1900. 121: “Three ladies, whirling on the right wheel’s side, came dancing, the one so red that hardly would she have been marked with fire; the second was as if her flesh and bones had been made out of emerald; the third appeared snow but lately driven.”. 9.

And since this capacity as a whole cannot be reduced to action at one time through one man, or through any one of the societies discriminated above, multiplicity is necessary in the human race in order to actualize its capacity in entirety. 1. 47. 5. From these things which have been expounded we perceive through what better, nay, through what best means the human race may fulfill its proper office. Phar. . 2.


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